PAT Testing (Portable Appliance Testing) is one of the most commonly misunderstood responsibilities. While it is not always a specific statutory requirement, the legal duty of care on to provide safe electrical appliances means that PAT testing is strongly recommended — and in some cases legally required. This guide answers all your questions.
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What is PAT Testing?
PAT Testing (Portable Appliance Testing) is a process in which electrical appliances are inspected and tested to ensure they are safe to use. It involves both a visual inspection and a series of electrical tests using specialist PAT testing equipment.
- Damaged cables, plugs, or casings
- Correct fuse ratings
- Insulation resistance
- Earth continuity (for class I appliances)
- Leakage current
After testing, each appliance is given a pass or fail result and labelled accordingly. A test register showing all tested appliances, their results, and the test date is provided.
Is PAT Testing a Legal Requirement for ?
There is no single piece of legislation that requires all residential to carry out PAT testing. However, are required to ensure electrical appliances they supply are safe under:
- and Tenant Act 1985: must keep the property in repair and ensure installations for gas, electricity, and water are in working order
- Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016: All electrical equipment supplied as part of a tenancy must be safe
- Consumer Protection Act 1987: supplying unsafe equipment can face criminal prosecution
In practice, if an electrical appliance you supply causes injury or a fire and you cannot demonstrate it was tested and safe, you face significant civil and potentially criminal liability. PAT testing is your best evidence of due diligence.
When Do You Need PAT Testing?
Best practice is to carry out PAT testing:
- Before a new tenancy begins
- Annually during the tenancy
- After any repair work or modification to an appliance
- Immediately if a tenant reports a fault with an appliance
What Electrical Appliances Get PAT Tested?
Any portable or moveable electrical appliance that you provide as part of the tenancy should be tested. Common items in rental properties include:
- Refrigerator and freezer
- Washing machine and tumble dryer
- Dishwasher
- Microwave and toaster
- Kettle and coffee machine
- Television and audio equipment
- Electric heaters and fans
- Lamps and desk lights
- Vacuum cleaner and mop
Note: Fixed installations (built-in oven, hob, extractor fan, immersion heater) are covered by the EICR, not PAT testing.
How Much Does PAT Testing Cost?
| Number of Appliances | Price (inc. VAT) |
|---|---|
| Up to 10 items | £55 |
| Up to 20 items | £75 |
| Up to 40 items | £110 |
| from £2.50 |
All PAT test prices include a full appliance register, pass/fail labels for each item, and a certificate issued on the day.
Record Keeping for PAT Testing
Keep a copy of your PAT test register for the duration of the tenancy and for at least 3 years after. Records should show:
- Date of testing
- Engineer's name and qualifications
- List of all appliances tested
- Pass or fail result for each
- Next test date recommended
Frequently Asked Questions
Is PAT testing legally required for residential ?
Not under a single regulation, but have a duty of care to ensure all electrical appliances they supply are safe. PAT testing is the standard way to demonstrate compliance. For HMOs it is effectively a requirement.
How much does PAT testing cost?
From £55 for up to 10 appliances with Same Day Certificates. A full appliance register is included. WhatsApp us for a quote for larger properties.
How often should I PAT test my rental property?
Annually is recommended. Most insurance companies and local councils expect annual PAT testing, particularly for HMOs.
What happens if an appliance fails PAT testing?
A failed appliance must be repaired or replaced before it can be used by tenants. The test register will show which items failed and why, allowing you to take the appropriate action.
Can I combine PAT testing with other certificate inspections?
Yes — and we recommend it. Our engineers can carry out PAT testing alongside a Gas Safety Certificate, EICR, and EPC in a single visit, saving you time and cost.